广西东南部容县崩塌滑坡的易发性评价

广西东南部容县的崩塌滑坡多发频发,对该县造成了严重的威胁。目前,由于缺乏崩塌滑坡易发性分区图,区域的防灾减灾工作正面临前所未有的挑战。因此,本文的目的是在基于对崩塌滑坡综合认识的基础上,采用信息量模型和逻辑回归模型来构建崩塌滑坡的易发性分区图。结果表明:(1)容县划分为极低、低、中、高易发区,信息量模型中四个区域的面积分别为0. 86%、26. 82%、44. 11%和28. 21%,逻辑回归模型中四个区域的面积分别为9. 88%、17. 73%、46. 36%和26. 03%;(2)崩塌滑坡在具备以下特征的区域发生:人类活动强度高、坡度为25°～35°、风化土层厚度大于15 m、岩性为花岗岩、页岩和泥岩;(3)两个模型的ROC曲线下的面积分别为0. 768 8和0. 736 2,相应的成功率分别为76. 88%、73. 62%。本文所采用的两种模型均具有有效的易发性评估能力并且能够达到预期的准确性,但信息量模型计算结果的精度较逻辑回归模型的略高。     

乙酸钠丙酸钠配比对A2/O-BCO反硝化除磷及菌群结构的影响

采用厌氧/缺氧/好氧和生物接触氧化反应器（A²/O-BCO）组成的反硝化除磷系统处理模拟生活污水,通过调节进水乙酸钠、丙酸钠的配比（乙酸钠：丙酸钠分别为1：0,2：1,1：1,1：2和0：1）,考察了系统对有机物的去除以及同步脱氮除磷的影响,同时通过高通量测序对比了不同配比下微生物菌群结构的变化.结果表明：乙酸钠丙酸钠配比对有机物和NH₄⁺-N的去除影响较小,对厌氧段有机物的消耗和TN的去除率以及磷的释放和吸收影响较为明显;TP去除率仅为50.3%~56.8%,需进一步优化系统的运行参数.当乙酸钠：丙酸钠=1：1时,厌氧段有机物消耗量最大,占有机物流入量的61.2%,厌氧释磷量最大（23.2mg/L）且缺氧吸磷率最高（71.4%）,而TN的去除效果则随丙酸钠含量的增加而增加.高通量测序结果表明：A²/O反应器中微生物多样性降低,混合碳源污泥中微生物多样性比单一碳源更丰富;驯化后的污泥中绿弯菌（Chloroflexi）和螺旋菌（Saccharibacteria）减少,变形菌（Proteobacteria）和拟杆菌（Bacteroidetes）增加.BCO反应器中Nitrospira和Nitrosomonas总占比为2.1%~31.4%,且抑制亚硝酸盐氧化菌（NOB）的活性,有利于短程硝化的实现.     

Characteristics of one-year observation of VOCs, NOx, and O3 at an urban site in Wuhan, China

A continuous online observation of ozone and its precursors(NOx, VOCs) was carried out in central urban Wuhan from September 2016 to August 2017. The concentration levels of ozone,NOx, VOCs and their variations in urban Wuhan were analyzed, as well as effects of VOCs on ozone photochemical generation and the main controlling factors for ozone production. During the observation period, the average concentrations of ozone and NOx in Wuhan was 22.63 and30.14 ppbv, respectively, and the average concentration of VOCs was 32.61 ppbv(42.3% alkanes,13.0% alkenes, 10.0% aromatics, 7.3% acetylene, 9.9% OVOCs, and 10.5% halohydrocarbons).Ozone concentration was higher in spring and summer as compared with autumn and winter,wheras VOCs and NOx concentratios were lower in spring and summer but higher in autumn and winter. Aromatics and alkenes, two of VOCs species, showed the highest contributions to ozone formation potential in Wuhan(35.7% alkenes, 35.4 aromatics, 17.5% alkanes, 8.6% OVOCs,1.6% halogenated hydrocarbons, and 1.4% acetylene). Among all VOCs species, those with the highest contribution were ethylene, m-xylene, toluene, propylene and o-xylene. The contribution of these five compounds to the total ozone formation potential concentration was 43.90%.Ozone-controlling factors in Wuhan changed within one day; during the early morning hours(6:00–9:00), VOCs/NOx was low, and ozone generation followed a VOCs-limited regime.However, during the peak time of ozone concentration(12:00–16:00), the ratio of VOCs/NOx was relatively high, suggesting that ozone generation followed a NOx-limited regime.     

基于微生物完整性指数的苏州市湿地健康评价

为建立在不同区域和不同湿地等大尺度范围内M-IBI（微生物生物完整性指数）评价方法体系,以苏州市15个湿地公园作为研究对象,构建符合区域性特征的生物完整性评价体系并进行应用研究.分别于2015年、2016年和2017年每年的7月对苏州市15个湿地公园的入流口和出流口水质进行采样调查,将采样点分为对照点、受损点和修复点,基于湿地水环境中微生物群落Illumina高通量测序技术,依据候选指标分布范围检验、敏感性分析和相关性检验,筛选出香农指数、前2优势分类单元相对丰度（相对丰度最多的2个属）总和、高温耐受属相对丰度、污染耐受属相对丰度、TN（总氮）敏感属相对丰度5个指标,提出了参数标准化公式和健康评价标准,依此将苏州市湿地健康状态划分为健康、亚健康、一般、较差、差5个等级.结果表明:①在10个受损点3 a所采集的30个样品中,有2个处于较差水平,有5个处于一般水平,有18个处于亚健康水平,有5个处于健康水平;而对于修复点,有23个样点处于健康水平,7个样点处于亚健康水平.②在农业面源污染较多的湿地入流口健康状况最差,工业用水汇入较多的湿地入流口次之,而城市景观水汇入的湿地入流口的健康状况最好.研究显示,M-IBI可以较合理地评价苏州市湿地生态系统健康状况,湿地对水环境的修复作用明显,经修复后的水体均处于健康或亚健康水平.      

溶解氧对固定气体流量曝气系统亚硝化特性的影响

通过实时控制系统并结合其他工艺参数的调控,在SBR系统中实现了垃圾渗滤液短程硝化过程的快速启动,并在稳定期考察了固定气体流量曝气系统中溶解氧(DO)对短程硝化的影响。结果表明:在线监测p H的"氨谷"可判断氨氧化反应的终点;采用固定气体流量的曝气方式,使得单周期好氧段后期ρ(DO)高达7.95 mg/L,出水亚硝态氮积累率维持在98.3%左右,氨氮去除率高达96.5%;好氧段后期高溶解氧并没有导致硝化菌(NOB)的再次增长,短程硝化系统稳定。     

基于SWMM的滇池环湖截污干渠系统运行效能分析

滇池环湖截污干渠工程是滇池环湖截污体系的重要组成部分,利用SWMM模型对滇池环湖截污干渠系统运行情况进行模拟,并对其运行效能进行分析。分析结果表明:典型降雨年景(降雨保证率分别为29.7%、93.8%和82.8%)下滇池环湖截污干渠对现状汇水范围内全年产生的污水收集率为29.52%~51.68%,对设计服务范围内产生的污水收集处理率为46.3%~67.9%。环湖截污干渠系统旱季收集处理效率明显高于雨季,各截污片区收集处理率存在明显差异。当重现期≤0.2年时环湖截污系统现状汇水范围内产生的污水及地表径流均能够被收集与处理;当重现期≤0.25年时环湖截污系统设计服务范围内产生的污水及地表径流能够完全被收集与处理。     

艾比湖流域地表水水化学特征及空间变异特征分析

为了更好地了解艾比湖流域的水化学特征变化,采用2014年5月和10月2次的野外实地考察数据,利用多元统计和空间变异特征的方法分析艾比湖流域地表水化学特征。结果表明:1)流域水化学组成以Na+、Cl-离子为主,其次为Mg~(2+)、SO_4~(2-)。2)通过因子分析可得,第一主成分包括TDS、矿化度和Mg2+,第二主成分为p H。3)聚类分析结果显示在以5为阈值的前提下将丰水期的水化学参数聚为两类,一类为HCO-3、K+、Ca~(2+)、Cl~-、Na~+、SO_4~(2-)、p H和Mg2+,另一类为TDS、电导率和矿化度;而枯水期可聚为3类,第一类为HCO-3、K+、Ca2+、Cl-、Na+、SO_4~(2-)和Mg2+,第二类为TDS、电导率和矿化度,第三类为p H。4)根据水化学参数的空间分布特征分析得出,从丰水期到枯水期各水化学参数空间变异较为明显,并且均呈下降趋势,其中K+的空间变异最为显著,p H的最不显著。     

Biodegradation of tetrabromobisphenol A in the sewage sludge process

Anaerobic sewage sludge capable of rapidly degrading tetrabromobisphenol A(TBBPA) was successfully acclimated in an anaerobic reactor over 280 days. During the period from 0 to 280 days, the TBBPA degradation rate(DR), utilization of glucose, and VSS were monitored continuously. After 280 days of acclimation, the TBBPA DR of active sludge reached 96.0% after 20 days of treatment in batch experiments. Based on scanning electron microscopy(SEM) observations and denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis(DGGE) determinations,the diversity of the microorganisms after 0 and 280 days in the acclimated anaerobic sewage sludge was compared. Furthermore, eleven metabolites, including 2-bromophenol,3-bromophenol, 2,4-dibromophenol, 2,6-dibromophenol, tribromophenol and bisphenol A,were identified by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry(GC–MS). Moreover, the six primary intermediary metabolites were also well-degraded by the acclimated anaerobic sewage sludge to varying degrees. Among the six target metabolites, tribromophenol was the most preferred substrate for biodegradation via debromination. These metabolites degraded more rapidly than monobromide and bisphenol A. The biodegradation data of the intermediary metabolites exhibited a good fit to a pseudo-first-order model.Finally, based on the metabolites, metabolic pathways were proposed. In conclusion, the acclimated microbial consortia degraded TBBPA and its metabolites well under anaerobic conditions.     

沈阳市环保产业市场发展需求与发展策略研究

总结沈阳市环保产业发展的历程和特点,结合环保产业发展的市场需求状况,提出了沈阳市环保产业市场发展途径及策略,以期为环保产业规划编制、政策制定及环保企业发展提供参考。